Ear, Nose & Throat (ENT) >
ENT Tumours
“Cancers of the head and neck”
Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Family history
- Alcohol
- HPV
- Premalignant conditions (eg leukoplakia)
Common Types
- Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Acoustic neuroma
Clinical Presentation
- Hoarseness of voice
- Stridor
- Dysphagia/odynophagia
- Otalgia
- Persistent neck lump
- Mouth ulcer
- Unilateral tonsillar mass
- Parotid mass
- Goitre
Investigations
- Full head and neck examinations
- Fibreoptic nasolaryngopharyngoscopy
- Ultrasound-guided FNA cytology and biopsy for neck lumps
Management
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
Complications
- Lymph node invasion
- Distal metastases
- Surgical complications