ENT Tumours

“Cancers of the head and neck”

Risk Factors

• Smoking
• Family history
• Alcohol
• HPV
• Premalignant conditions (eg leukoplakia)

Common Types

• Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
• Oral squamous cell carcinoma
• Papillary thyroid carcinoma
• Acoustic neuroma

Clinical Presentation

• Hoarseness of voice
• Stridor
• Dysphagia/odynophagia
• Otalgia
• Persistent neck lump
• Mouth ulcer
• Unilateral tonsillar mass
• Parotid mass
• Goitre

Investigations

• Full head and neck examinations
• Fibreoptic nasolaryngopharyngoscopy
• Ultrasound-guided FNA cytology and biopsy for neck lumps

Management

• Surgery
• Radiotherapy
• Chemotherapy

Complications

• Lymph node invasion
• Distal metastases
• Surgical complications