Reproductive System & Sexual Health >
Non-Hormonal Contraception
“Contraceptive techniques including IUDs, Barrier Methods, and Sterilisation”
Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUD)
- T-shaped coil contains copper
- Toxic to sperm and ova preventing fertilisation
- Inflammatory endometrial reaction preventing implantation
- Cu ions reduce cervical mucous permeability to sperm
- 5-10yrs. No fertility delay, hormonal side effects. Very effective >99%
- Complications include perforation 2/1000, expulsion 1/20, relative increase in ectopic pregnancy, pelvic infection, bleeding when first administered
- Can be used as emergency contraception
Barrier Methods
- Female and male condoms
- Prevent HIV and STI transmission
- 98% effective if perfect use
- Diaphragms
- 92-96% effective used with spermicide
- Inserted prior to sex. Leave in place >6hrs to ensure sperm in the lower reproductive tract is unlikely to be alive
- Cervical caps and dams
Sterilisation
- Tubal occlusion. Laparoscopic. Filshie clips. Failure in 1/200
- Vasectomy. Occlude vas deferens. Failure 1/2000. Post-vasectomy semen analysis
Others
- Natural family planning e.g. using apps to track menstrual cycle and basal body temperature
- Typical use 7 in 100 women pregnant in 1 yr
- Cervix changes around fertile time. Mucous changes. BBT rises 0.2-0.4 degrees after ovulation
- Withdrawal method